should be used as in-text citation.The Latin phrase et al means and others and is used to reduce the citation length. Reporting standards for research in psychology: Why do we need them? What might they be? American Psychologist, 63, 839–851. As per Section 8.17 from the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, for any work that has three or more authors, the name of the first author and et al. For each reference, the first line is typed flush with the left margin, and any additional lines are indented as a group a few spaces to the right of the left margin (this is called a hanging indent).ĪPA Publications and Communications Board Working Group on Journal Article Reporting Standards. In general, the list of references is double-spaced and listed alphabetically by first author's last name. Creating Annotated Bibliographies Based on APA Style (7th ed. The requirements of a reference list are that all references cited in the text of a paper must be listed alphabetically by first author's last name in the list of references and that all references listed must be cited within the text.Ī bibliography, however, typically includes resources in addition to those cited in the text and may include annotated descriptions of the items listed. APA Style ® calls for a list of references instead of a bibliography.
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